Don't just have career or accademic goals. Set goals to give you a balanced, successful life.
Balanced means ensuring our health, relations and mental peace are all in good order.
There is no point of getting a promotion on the day of your breakup. There is no fun in driving a car if your back hurts.
Life is one of those races in nursery school where we have to run with a marble in a spoon kept in your mouth. If the marble falls, there is no point coming first. Same is with life where health and relationships are the marble. Your striving is worth it if there is harmony in your life. Else you may achieve the success, but this spark, this feeling of being excited and alive , will start to die.
One thing about nurturing the spark- Don't take life seriously. Life is not meant to be taken seriously, as we are all temporary here. We are like a prepaid card with limited validity. Do we really need to get so worked up?
It's ok, bunk a few classes, scoring low in couple of papers, goof up a few interviews, take leave from work, Enjoy with your friends, fall in love etc.We are people, not programmed devices.
Monday, May 17, 2010
Thursday, May 13, 2010
NEVER STOP LEARNING
Look at every situation as an oppurtunity to learn because the more we learn, the more we grow and the wiser we become. Look at life as a journey with so many things to see and experience, we should be out there enjoying every minute of it.
Knowledge does not come from personal experience alone; we can learn from other people and other sources. There is a huge treasure chest of knowledge out there waiting to be discovered and used. Knowledge is at our fingertips, especially in the current age when we have the personal computer and Internet as well as good old-fashioned books.
"HE IS WISE WHO KNOWS THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE."
Apart from books and computers, we can learn from other people who have had the experience that we seek. This method has a couple of positive points.
1. It does not have to cost you a cent.
2.we can have an insight and gain experience without having to go through the learning curve.
Knowledge does not come from personal experience alone; we can learn from other people and other sources. There is a huge treasure chest of knowledge out there waiting to be discovered and used. Knowledge is at our fingertips, especially in the current age when we have the personal computer and Internet as well as good old-fashioned books.
"HE IS WISE WHO KNOWS THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE."
Apart from books and computers, we can learn from other people who have had the experience that we seek. This method has a couple of positive points.
1. It does not have to cost you a cent.
2.we can have an insight and gain experience without having to go through the learning curve.
Tuesday, April 13, 2010
3G TECHNOLOGY
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a family of standards for mobile telecommunications fulfilling specifications by the International Telecommunication Union,which includes UMTS, and CDMA2000 as well as the non-mobile wireless standards DECT[citation needed] and WiMAX[citation needed]. While the GSM EDGE standard also fulfils the IMT-2000 specification, EDGE phones are typically not branded 3G. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, video calls, and wireless data, all in a mobile environment. Compared to 2G and 2.5G services, 3G allows simultaneous use of speech and data services and higher data rates (at least 200 kbit/s peak bit rate to fulfill to IMT-2000 specification). Today's 3G systems can offer practice of up to 14.0 Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8 Mbit/s on the uplink.
FEATURES:
Data rates:
ITU has not provided a clear definition of the data rate users can expect from 3G equipment or providers. Thus users sold 3G service may not be able to point to a standard and say that the rates it specifies are not being met. While stating in commentary that "it is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum data rate of 2 Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 384 kbit/s in a moving vehicle,"[15] the ITU does not actually clearly specify minimum or average rates or what modes of the interfaces qualify as 3G, so various rates are sold as 3G intended to meet customers expectations of broadband data.
Security:
3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block crypto instead of the older A5/1 stream cipher. However, a number of serious weaknesses in the KASUMI cipher have been identified.
In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end-to-end security is offered when application frameworks such as IMS are accessed, although this is not strictly a 3G property. 3g launch in india in 2010 by idea ,airtel and aircel
Applications:
The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to applications not previously available to mobile phone users. Some of the applications are:
Mobile TV – a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it can be watched.
Video on demand – a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone.
Video conferencing – subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.
Tele-medicine – a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially isolated subscriber.
Location-based services – a provider sends localized weather or traffic conditions to the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find nearby businesses or friends.
Evolution:
Both 3GPP and 3GPP2 are currently working on extensions to 3G standard that are based on an all-IP network infrastructure and using advanced wireless technologies such as MIMO, these specifications already display features characteristic for IMT-Advanced (4G), the successor of 3G. However, falling short of the bandwidth requirements for 4G (which is 1 Gbit/s for stationary and 100 Mbit/s for mobile operation), these standards are classified as 3.9G or Pre-4G.
3GPP plans to meet the 4G goals with LTE Advanced, whereas Qualcomm has halted development of UMB in favour of the LTE family.
On 14 December 2009, Telia Sonera announced in an official press release that "We are very proud to be the first operator in the world to offer our customers 4G services." With the launch of their LTE network, initially they are offering pre-4G (or beyond 3G) services in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway.
FEATURES:
Data rates:
ITU has not provided a clear definition of the data rate users can expect from 3G equipment or providers. Thus users sold 3G service may not be able to point to a standard and say that the rates it specifies are not being met. While stating in commentary that "it is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum data rate of 2 Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 384 kbit/s in a moving vehicle,"[15] the ITU does not actually clearly specify minimum or average rates or what modes of the interfaces qualify as 3G, so various rates are sold as 3G intended to meet customers expectations of broadband data.
Security:
3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block crypto instead of the older A5/1 stream cipher. However, a number of serious weaknesses in the KASUMI cipher have been identified.
In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end-to-end security is offered when application frameworks such as IMS are accessed, although this is not strictly a 3G property. 3g launch in india in 2010 by idea ,airtel and aircel
Applications:
The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives rise to applications not previously available to mobile phone users. Some of the applications are:
Mobile TV – a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it can be watched.
Video on demand – a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone.
Video conferencing – subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.
Tele-medicine – a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially isolated subscriber.
Location-based services – a provider sends localized weather or traffic conditions to the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find nearby businesses or friends.
Evolution:
Both 3GPP and 3GPP2 are currently working on extensions to 3G standard that are based on an all-IP network infrastructure and using advanced wireless technologies such as MIMO, these specifications already display features characteristic for IMT-Advanced (4G), the successor of 3G. However, falling short of the bandwidth requirements for 4G (which is 1 Gbit/s for stationary and 100 Mbit/s for mobile operation), these standards are classified as 3.9G or Pre-4G.
3GPP plans to meet the 4G goals with LTE Advanced, whereas Qualcomm has halted development of UMB in favour of the LTE family.
On 14 December 2009, Telia Sonera announced in an official press release that "We are very proud to be the first operator in the world to offer our customers 4G services." With the launch of their LTE network, initially they are offering pre-4G (or beyond 3G) services in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway.
ENVY & ANGER
ENVY:
Envy consists in taking pleasure in the injuries that befall others and resenting anything that occurs to their advantage. Envy is worse than miserliness: misers do not want to give anything of their own to others, whereas envios people do not want others to receive anything.
ANGER:
Anger has been put into all humans as a stimulus to repel those whi threaten injury, or to take revenge on those who have alredy caused injury thus anger is essential for both survival and justice.When your anger is aroused , you should do nothing immediately;you should give yourself time to reflect and deliberate.
Envy and anger are the two main emotions that put a barrier between ourselves and others and hence make love impossible. The effort of overcoming Envy and Anger is entirely internal and invisible, consisting of profound and honest introspection and it is likely to be quite painful.
Envy consists in taking pleasure in the injuries that befall others and resenting anything that occurs to their advantage. Envy is worse than miserliness: misers do not want to give anything of their own to others, whereas envios people do not want others to receive anything.
ANGER:
Anger has been put into all humans as a stimulus to repel those whi threaten injury, or to take revenge on those who have alredy caused injury thus anger is essential for both survival and justice.When your anger is aroused , you should do nothing immediately;you should give yourself time to reflect and deliberate.
Envy and anger are the two main emotions that put a barrier between ourselves and others and hence make love impossible. The effort of overcoming Envy and Anger is entirely internal and invisible, consisting of profound and honest introspection and it is likely to be quite painful.
Thursday, March 25, 2010
EATING FRUITS
We all think eating fruits means just buying fruits, cutting it and just popping it into our mouths. It's not as easy as you think. It's important to know how and when to eat.
What is the correct way of eating fruits?
IT MEANS NOT EATING FRUITS AFTER YOUR MEALS! FRUITS SHOULD BE EATEN ON AN EMPTY STOMACH.
If you eat fruit like that, it will play a major role to detoxify your system, supplying you with a great deal of energy for weight loss and other life activities.
FRUIT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FOOD. Let's say you eat two slices of bread and then a slice of fruit. The slice of fruit is ready to go straight through the stomach into the intestines, but it is prevented from doing so.
In the meantime the whole meal rots and ferments and turns to acid.
The minute the fruit comes into contact with the food in the stomach and digestive juices, the entire mass of food begins to spoil....
So please eat your fruits on an empty stomach or before your meals! You have heard people complaining, every time I eat watermelon I burp, when I eat durian my stomach bloats up, when I eat a banana I feel like running to the toilet, etc. actually all this will not arise if you eat the fruit on an empty stomach. The fruit mixes with the putrefying other food and produces gas and hence you will bloat!
Graying hair, balding, nervous outburst, and dark circles under the eyes all these will NOT happen if you take fruits on an empty stomach.
There is no such thing as some fruits, like orange and lemon are acidic, because all fruits become alkaline in our body, according to Dr. Herbert Shelton who did research on this matter. If you have mastered the correct way of eating fruits, you have the Secret of beauty, longevity, health, energy, happiness and normal weight.
When you need to drink fruit juice - drink only fresh fruit juice, NOT from the cans. Don't even drink juice that has been heated up. Don't eat cooked fruits because you don't get the nutrients at all. You only get to taste. Cooking destroys all the vitamins.
But eating a whole fruit is better than drinking the juice. If you should drink the juice, drink it mouthful by mouthful slowly, because you must let it mix with your saliva before swallowing it. You can go on a 3-day fruit fast to cleanse your body. Just eat fruits and drink fruit juice throughout the 3 days and you will be surprised when your friends tell you how radiant you look!
KIWI: Tiny but mighty. This is a good source of potassium, magnesium, vitamin E & fiber. Its vitamin C content is twice that of an orange.
APPLE: An apple a day keeps the doctor away? Although an apple has a low vitamin C content, it has antioxidants & flavonoids which enhances the activity of vitamin C thereby helping to lower the risks of colon cancer, heart attack & stroke.
STRAWBERRY: Protective Fruit. Strawberries have the highest total antioxidant power among major fruits & protect the body from cancer-causing, blood vessel-clogging free radicals.
ORANGE : Sweetest medicine. Taking 2-4 oranges a day may help keep colds away, lower cholesterol, prevent & dissolve kidney stones as well as lessens the risk of colon cancer.
WATERMELON: Coolest thirst quencher. Composed of 92% water, it is also packed with a giant dose of glutathione, which helps boost our immune system. They are also a key source of lycopene the cancer fighting oxidant. Other nutrients found in watermelon are vitamin C & Potassium.
GUAVA & PAPAYA: Top awards for vitamin C. They are the clear winners for their high vitamin C content.. Guava is also rich in fiber, which helps prevent constipation. Papaya is rich in carotene; this is good for your eyes.
Drinking Cold water after a meal = Cancer! Can u believe this?? For those who like to drink cold water, this article is applicable to you. It is nice to have a cup of cold drink after a meal. However, the cold water will solidify the oily stuff that you have just consumed. It will slow down the digestion... Once this 'sludge' reacts with the acid, it will break down and be absorbed by the intestine faster than the solid food. It will line the intestine. Very soon, this will turn into fats and lead to cancer. It is best to drink hot soup or warm water after a meal.
What is the correct way of eating fruits?
IT MEANS NOT EATING FRUITS AFTER YOUR MEALS! FRUITS SHOULD BE EATEN ON AN EMPTY STOMACH.
If you eat fruit like that, it will play a major role to detoxify your system, supplying you with a great deal of energy for weight loss and other life activities.
FRUIT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FOOD. Let's say you eat two slices of bread and then a slice of fruit. The slice of fruit is ready to go straight through the stomach into the intestines, but it is prevented from doing so.
In the meantime the whole meal rots and ferments and turns to acid.
The minute the fruit comes into contact with the food in the stomach and digestive juices, the entire mass of food begins to spoil....
So please eat your fruits on an empty stomach or before your meals! You have heard people complaining, every time I eat watermelon I burp, when I eat durian my stomach bloats up, when I eat a banana I feel like running to the toilet, etc. actually all this will not arise if you eat the fruit on an empty stomach. The fruit mixes with the putrefying other food and produces gas and hence you will bloat!
Graying hair, balding, nervous outburst, and dark circles under the eyes all these will NOT happen if you take fruits on an empty stomach.
There is no such thing as some fruits, like orange and lemon are acidic, because all fruits become alkaline in our body, according to Dr. Herbert Shelton who did research on this matter. If you have mastered the correct way of eating fruits, you have the Secret of beauty, longevity, health, energy, happiness and normal weight.
When you need to drink fruit juice - drink only fresh fruit juice, NOT from the cans. Don't even drink juice that has been heated up. Don't eat cooked fruits because you don't get the nutrients at all. You only get to taste. Cooking destroys all the vitamins.
But eating a whole fruit is better than drinking the juice. If you should drink the juice, drink it mouthful by mouthful slowly, because you must let it mix with your saliva before swallowing it. You can go on a 3-day fruit fast to cleanse your body. Just eat fruits and drink fruit juice throughout the 3 days and you will be surprised when your friends tell you how radiant you look!
KIWI: Tiny but mighty. This is a good source of potassium, magnesium, vitamin E & fiber. Its vitamin C content is twice that of an orange.
APPLE: An apple a day keeps the doctor away? Although an apple has a low vitamin C content, it has antioxidants & flavonoids which enhances the activity of vitamin C thereby helping to lower the risks of colon cancer, heart attack & stroke.
STRAWBERRY: Protective Fruit. Strawberries have the highest total antioxidant power among major fruits & protect the body from cancer-causing, blood vessel-clogging free radicals.
ORANGE : Sweetest medicine. Taking 2-4 oranges a day may help keep colds away, lower cholesterol, prevent & dissolve kidney stones as well as lessens the risk of colon cancer.
WATERMELON: Coolest thirst quencher. Composed of 92% water, it is also packed with a giant dose of glutathione, which helps boost our immune system. They are also a key source of lycopene the cancer fighting oxidant. Other nutrients found in watermelon are vitamin C & Potassium.
GUAVA & PAPAYA: Top awards for vitamin C. They are the clear winners for their high vitamin C content.. Guava is also rich in fiber, which helps prevent constipation. Papaya is rich in carotene; this is good for your eyes.
Drinking Cold water after a meal = Cancer! Can u believe this?? For those who like to drink cold water, this article is applicable to you. It is nice to have a cup of cold drink after a meal. However, the cold water will solidify the oily stuff that you have just consumed. It will slow down the digestion... Once this 'sludge' reacts with the acid, it will break down and be absorbed by the intestine faster than the solid food. It will line the intestine. Very soon, this will turn into fats and lead to cancer. It is best to drink hot soup or warm water after a meal.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF THE INTERNET
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet
Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in the field of communication in the history of mankind. As with every single innovation, internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. But usually, greater magnitude of advantages outweighs its disadvantages.
Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in the field of communication in the history of mankind. As with every single innovation, internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. But usually, greater magnitude of advantages outweighs its disadvantages.
Because of his continuous quest for more and more amenities and facilities, the nineties have seen a major turn around with the invention of computers. 10 years ago, the term internet was practically anonymous to most of the people. And today internet has become the most ever powerful tool for man throughout the world. The internet is a collection of various services and resources. Although, many people still think e-mail and World Wide Web as the principle constituents of internet, there is lot more in store than e-mail, chat rooms, celebrity web sites and search engines. It also became the best business tool of modern scenario. Today internet has brought a globe in a single room. Right from news across the corner of the world, wealth of knowledge to shopping, purchasing the tickets of your favorite movie-everything is at your finger tips. Internet has great potential and lot to offer… however, like every single innovation in science and technology, internet has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages
Communication: The foremost target of internet has always been the communication. And internet has excelled beyond the expectations .Still; innovations are going on to make it faster, more reliable. By the advent of computer’s Internet, our earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village.Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. Today for better communication, we can avail the facilities of e-mail; we can chat for hours with our loved ones. There are plenty messenger services in offering. With help of such services, it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship where you can share your thoughts, can explore other cultures of different ethnicity.
Information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The search engines like Google, yahoo is at your service on the Internet. You can almost find any type of data on almost any kind of subject that you are looking for. There is a huge amount of information available on the internet for just about every subject known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical support, the list is end less.Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet for research. Today, it is almost required that students should use the Internet for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachers have started giving assignments that require research on the Internet. Almost every coming day, researches on medical issues become much easier to locate. Numerous web sites available on the net are offering loads of information for people to research diseases and talk to doctors online at sites such as, America’s Doctor. During 1998 over 20 million people reported going online to retrieve health information.
Entertainmentis another popular raison d'être why many people prefer to surf the Internet. In fact, media of internet has become quite successful in trapping multifaceted entertainment factor. Downloading games, visiting chat rooms or just surfing the Web are some of the uses people have discovered. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the Internet for free. The industry of online gaming has tasted dramatic and phenomenal attention by game lovers. Chat rooms are popular because users can meet new and interesting people. In fact, the Internet has been successfully used by people to find life long partners. When people surf the Web, there are numerous things that can be found. Music, hobbies, news and more can be found and shared on the Internet.
ServicesMany services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies, guidance services on array of topics engulfing the every aspect of life, and hotel reservations. Often these services are not available off-line and can cost you more.
Ecommerce is the concept used for any type of commercial maneuvering, or business deals that involves the transfer of information across the globe via Internet. It has become a phenomenon associated with any kind of shopping, almost anything. You name it and Ecommerce with its giant tentacles engulfing every single product and service will make you available at your door steps. It has got a real amazing and wide range of products from household needs, technology to entertainment.
Disadvantages
Theft of Personal informationIf you use the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your personal information such as name, address, credit card number etc. can be accessed by other culprits to make your problems worse.
Spamming: Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide no purpose and needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal activities can be very frustrating for you, and so instead of just ignoring it, you should make an effort to try and stop these activities so that using the Internet can become that much safer. Virus threat:Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk, causing you considerable headache.
Pornography: This is perhaps the biggest threat related to your children’s healthy mental life. A very serious issue concerning the Internet. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found and can be a detrimental factor to letting children use the Internet.Though, internet can also create havoc, destruction and its misuse can be very fatal, the advantages of it outweigh its disadvantages.
GOOGLE TRANSLATE GADGET
GOOGLE TRANSLATE GADGET-Web page language translation:
Internet World Statistics show that English web surfers represent less than 28% of the Internet population. In other words, if the blog or website is English-only it is largely useless to 72% of Internet users. Free translation gadgets are used on the site to allow visitors to instantly translate the website into the most popular foreign languages.
So the Engineers at Google decided to make the google page more fun and interesting so they added all sorts of gadgets to it. There are some gadgets that are useful at work (to do list, calendar, currency converter), at school (translation tool, calculator, Wikipedia) or just for having fun (games, blogs, news etc).
Google Translate Gadget is a simple and cool application that allows translating words or phrases from one language to another.
Translate the website with Google Translate Gadget:
It becomes almost a necessity to make sure our website or blog are read by people all over the world. This means that the website or blog must be available in many different languages other than English.
Google Translate Gadget is powered by Google translate tools, and supports over 50 languages. The “gadget” is a short code snipped and can be placed anywhere in the website. For a blog, the best place for the gadget is the blog’s sidebar.
For eg, assume an English website powered by Wordpress. Follow these steps:
Go to Google Translate Tools and choose the language of the website
Use the default All languages option
Copy the code snippet shown on the page
In the Wordpress Dashboard, paste the snippet of code in a Text Widget in the Appearance>Widgets and add it to the side bar
That’s it! Now the blog can be read in over 50 languages.
This translator plays an essential role in enabling global communication, and with the rapid growth of and ease of access to digital content. It also helps to make the world’s content more accessible to everyone.
Internet World Statistics show that English web surfers represent less than 28% of the Internet population. In other words, if the blog or website is English-only it is largely useless to 72% of Internet users. Free translation gadgets are used on the site to allow visitors to instantly translate the website into the most popular foreign languages.
So the Engineers at Google decided to make the google page more fun and interesting so they added all sorts of gadgets to it. There are some gadgets that are useful at work (to do list, calendar, currency converter), at school (translation tool, calculator, Wikipedia) or just for having fun (games, blogs, news etc).
Google Translate Gadget is a simple and cool application that allows translating words or phrases from one language to another.
Translate the website with Google Translate Gadget:
It becomes almost a necessity to make sure our website or blog are read by people all over the world. This means that the website or blog must be available in many different languages other than English.
Google Translate Gadget is powered by Google translate tools, and supports over 50 languages. The “gadget” is a short code snipped and can be placed anywhere in the website. For a blog, the best place for the gadget is the blog’s sidebar.
For eg, assume an English website powered by Wordpress. Follow these steps:
Go to Google Translate Tools and choose the language of the website
Use the default All languages option
Copy the code snippet shown on the page
In the Wordpress Dashboard, paste the snippet of code in a Text Widget in the Appearance>Widgets and add it to the side bar
That’s it! Now the blog can be read in over 50 languages.
This translator plays an essential role in enabling global communication, and with the rapid growth of and ease of access to digital content. It also helps to make the world’s content more accessible to everyone.
BROWSERSHOTS
Browsershots is an extremely well thought of concept, and a very well designed service.
It is like a godsend for web developers. BROWSERSHOTS-Web page design testing in different browsers
Browsershots is a web-based browser compatibility check tool that helps to preview how our website looks in all popular browsers. It is a free open-source online service created by Johann C. Rochollde.
No email or registration is required. The only work to be performed is to submit the web URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and wait for 3-5 minutes for browsershots to generate screenshots for each browser.
Browsershots contacts other distributed computers over the network. Those computers actually run the URL submitted by the user and then take a screenshot of our webpage, and upload it to the central server. This process takes a few minutes to be finished. Once the process is complete, browsershots will show all the screenshots on the screen as thumbnails. We can hover any thumbnail, and browsershots will expand it to show the actual screenshot.
Features of Browsershots:
Preview website look across 40 different browsers (Firefox, MSIE, Opera, Folk etc).
Full screen preview (includes detailed information) for each selected browser.
Optional settings: Different screen sizes, color depth, Javscript (enabled/disabled), Java (enabled/disabled).
Check out recent test screenshots created by others.
It is like a godsend for web developers. BROWSERSHOTS-Web page design testing in different browsers
Browsershots is a web-based browser compatibility check tool that helps to preview how our website looks in all popular browsers. It is a free open-source online service created by Johann C. Rochollde.
No email or registration is required. The only work to be performed is to submit the web URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and wait for 3-5 minutes for browsershots to generate screenshots for each browser.
Browsershots contacts other distributed computers over the network. Those computers actually run the URL submitted by the user and then take a screenshot of our webpage, and upload it to the central server. This process takes a few minutes to be finished. Once the process is complete, browsershots will show all the screenshots on the screen as thumbnails. We can hover any thumbnail, and browsershots will expand it to show the actual screenshot.
Features of Browsershots:
Preview website look across 40 different browsers (Firefox, MSIE, Opera, Folk etc).
Full screen preview (includes detailed information) for each selected browser.
Optional settings: Different screen sizes, color depth, Javscript (enabled/disabled), Java (enabled/disabled).
Check out recent test screenshots created by others.
Browsershots is an extremely well thought of concept, and a very well designed service.It is like a godsend for web developers.
WRITING-Basics
THE BASICS:
Writing is the expression of language in the form of letters, symbols, or words. It is used to express & explain ideas. The primary purpose of writing is communication. People have used many tools for writing including paint, pencils, pens, typewriters, and computers. The writing can be formed on the wall of a cave, a piece of paper, or a computer screen. The writing process includes prewriting, composing, revising, editing, and publishing. There are many kinds of writing such as expository, narrative, descriptive, imaginative, and persuasive. Literature is a type of writing that includes poetry, novels, plays, and short stories.
Regardless of the language, writing has many rules including grammar, spelling, and punctuation. People use many tools to assist in their writing such as dictionaries and thesaurus (synonym finder).
WRITING SKILLS:
It's vital to communicate clearly, concisely and effectively.
Audience and Format: The first step to writing clearly is choosing the appropriate format.
The format, as well as your audience, will define your "writing voice" – that is, how formal or relaxed the tone should be.
For instance, if you write an email to a prospective client, should it have the same tone as an email to a friend? definitely not.Start by identifying who will read your message. Is it targeted at senior managers, the entire human resources team, or a small group of engineers? With everything you write, your readers, or recipients, should define your tone as well as aspects of the content.
Composition and Style:Once you know what you're writing, and for whom you're writing, you actually have to start writing.
A blank, white computer screen is often intimidating. And it's easy to get stuck because you don't know how to start. Try these tips for composing and styling your document:
Start with your audience – Remember, your readers may know nothing about what you're telling them. What do they need to know first?
Create an outline – This is especially helpful if you're writing a longer document such as a report, presentation, or speech. Outlines help you identify which steps to take in which order, and they help you break the task up into manageable pieces of information.
Use AIDA – If you're writing something that must inspire action in the reader, follow the Attention-Interest-Desire-Action (AIDA) formula. These four steps can help guide you through the writing process.
Try some empathy – For instance, if you're writing a sales letter for prospective clients, why should they care about your product or sales pitch? What's the benefit for them? Remember your audience's needs at all times.
Use the Rhetorical Triangle – If you're trying to persuade someone to do something, make sure that you communicate why people should listen to you, pitch your message in a way that engages your audience, and present information rationally and coherently.
Writing is the expression of language in the form of letters, symbols, or words. It is used to express & explain ideas. The primary purpose of writing is communication. People have used many tools for writing including paint, pencils, pens, typewriters, and computers. The writing can be formed on the wall of a cave, a piece of paper, or a computer screen. The writing process includes prewriting, composing, revising, editing, and publishing. There are many kinds of writing such as expository, narrative, descriptive, imaginative, and persuasive. Literature is a type of writing that includes poetry, novels, plays, and short stories.
Regardless of the language, writing has many rules including grammar, spelling, and punctuation. People use many tools to assist in their writing such as dictionaries and thesaurus (synonym finder).
WRITING SKILLS:
It's vital to communicate clearly, concisely and effectively.
Audience and Format: The first step to writing clearly is choosing the appropriate format.
The format, as well as your audience, will define your "writing voice" – that is, how formal or relaxed the tone should be.
For instance, if you write an email to a prospective client, should it have the same tone as an email to a friend? definitely not.Start by identifying who will read your message. Is it targeted at senior managers, the entire human resources team, or a small group of engineers? With everything you write, your readers, or recipients, should define your tone as well as aspects of the content.
Composition and Style:Once you know what you're writing, and for whom you're writing, you actually have to start writing.
A blank, white computer screen is often intimidating. And it's easy to get stuck because you don't know how to start. Try these tips for composing and styling your document:
Start with your audience – Remember, your readers may know nothing about what you're telling them. What do they need to know first?
Create an outline – This is especially helpful if you're writing a longer document such as a report, presentation, or speech. Outlines help you identify which steps to take in which order, and they help you break the task up into manageable pieces of information.
Use AIDA – If you're writing something that must inspire action in the reader, follow the Attention-Interest-Desire-Action (AIDA) formula. These four steps can help guide you through the writing process.
Try some empathy – For instance, if you're writing a sales letter for prospective clients, why should they care about your product or sales pitch? What's the benefit for them? Remember your audience's needs at all times.
Use the Rhetorical Triangle – If you're trying to persuade someone to do something, make sure that you communicate why people should listen to you, pitch your message in a way that engages your audience, and present information rationally and coherently.
Identify your main theme – If you're having trouble defining the main theme of your message, pretend that you have 15 seconds to explain your position. What do you say? This is likely to be your main theme.
Use simple language – Unless you're writing a scholarly article, it's usually best to use simple, direct language. Don't use long words just to impress people.
Structure
Your document should be as "reader friendly" as possible. Use headings, subheadings, bullet points, and numbering whenever possible to break up the text.
After all, what's easier to read – a page full of long paragraphs, or a page that's broken up into short paragraphs, with section headings and bullet points? A document that's easy to scan will get read more often than a document with long, dense paragraphs of text.
Headers should grab the reader's attention. Using questions is often a good idea, especially in advertising copy or reports, because questions help keep the reader engaged and curious.
In emails and proposals, use short, factual headings and subheadings, like the ones in this article.
Adding graphs and charts is also a smart way to break up your text. These visual aids not only keep the reader's eye engaged, but they can communicate important information much more quickly than text.
Grammatical Errors
You probably don't need us to tell you that errors in your document will make you look unprofessional. It's essential to learn grammar properly, and to avoid common mistakes that your spell checker won't find.
Here are some examples of commonly misused words:
Affect/effect
"Affect" is a verb meaning to influence. (Example: The economic forecast will affect our projected income.)
"Effect" is a noun meaning the result or outcome. (Example: What is the effect of the proposal?)
Then/than
"Then" is typically an adverb indicating a sequence in time. (Example: We went to dinner, then we saw a movie.)
"Than" is a conjunction used for comparison. (Example: The dinner was more expensive than the movie.)
Your/you're
"Your" is a possessive. (Example: Is that your file?)
"You're" is a contraction of "you are." (Example: You're the new manager.)
Note: Also watch out for other common homophones (words that sound alike but have different spellings and meanings) – such as their/they're/there, to/too/two, and so on.
Its/it's
"Its" is a possessive. (Example: Is that its motor?)
"It's" is a contraction of "It is." (Example: It's often that heavy.) (Yes, it is this way around!)
Company's/companies (and other possessives versus plurals)
"Company's" indicates possession. (Example: The company's trucks hadn't been maintained properly.)
"Companies" is plural. (Example: The companies in this industry are suffering.)
Proofing
The enemy of good proofreading is speed. Many people rush through their documents, but this is how you miss mistakes. Follow these guidelines to check what you've written:
Proof your headers and subheaders – People often skip these and focus on the text alone. Just because headers are big and bold doesn't mean they're error free!
Read the document out loud – This forces you to go more slowly, so that you're more likely to catch mistakes.
Use your finger to follow text as you read – This is another trick that helps you slow down. Start at the end of your document – Proofread one sentence at a time, working your way from the end to the beginning. This helps you focus on errors, not on content.
Use simple language – Unless you're writing a scholarly article, it's usually best to use simple, direct language. Don't use long words just to impress people.
Structure
Your document should be as "reader friendly" as possible. Use headings, subheadings, bullet points, and numbering whenever possible to break up the text.
After all, what's easier to read – a page full of long paragraphs, or a page that's broken up into short paragraphs, with section headings and bullet points? A document that's easy to scan will get read more often than a document with long, dense paragraphs of text.
Headers should grab the reader's attention. Using questions is often a good idea, especially in advertising copy or reports, because questions help keep the reader engaged and curious.
In emails and proposals, use short, factual headings and subheadings, like the ones in this article.
Adding graphs and charts is also a smart way to break up your text. These visual aids not only keep the reader's eye engaged, but they can communicate important information much more quickly than text.
Grammatical Errors
You probably don't need us to tell you that errors in your document will make you look unprofessional. It's essential to learn grammar properly, and to avoid common mistakes that your spell checker won't find.
Here are some examples of commonly misused words:
Affect/effect
"Affect" is a verb meaning to influence. (Example: The economic forecast will affect our projected income.)
"Effect" is a noun meaning the result or outcome. (Example: What is the effect of the proposal?)
Then/than
"Then" is typically an adverb indicating a sequence in time. (Example: We went to dinner, then we saw a movie.)
"Than" is a conjunction used for comparison. (Example: The dinner was more expensive than the movie.)
Your/you're
"Your" is a possessive. (Example: Is that your file?)
"You're" is a contraction of "you are." (Example: You're the new manager.)
Note: Also watch out for other common homophones (words that sound alike but have different spellings and meanings) – such as their/they're/there, to/too/two, and so on.
Its/it's
"Its" is a possessive. (Example: Is that its motor?)
"It's" is a contraction of "It is." (Example: It's often that heavy.) (Yes, it is this way around!)
Company's/companies (and other possessives versus plurals)
"Company's" indicates possession. (Example: The company's trucks hadn't been maintained properly.)
"Companies" is plural. (Example: The companies in this industry are suffering.)
Proofing
The enemy of good proofreading is speed. Many people rush through their documents, but this is how you miss mistakes. Follow these guidelines to check what you've written:
Proof your headers and subheaders – People often skip these and focus on the text alone. Just because headers are big and bold doesn't mean they're error free!
Read the document out loud – This forces you to go more slowly, so that you're more likely to catch mistakes.
Use your finger to follow text as you read – This is another trick that helps you slow down. Start at the end of your document – Proofread one sentence at a time, working your way from the end to the beginning. This helps you focus on errors, not on content.
Monday, February 22, 2010
TELECOMMUNICATION
1. INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS
1.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS: The word Telecommunication is a combination of two words TELE+COMMUNICATION. The word Tele in Latin means Distance. Hence Telecommunication is also known as Distance Communication. The French word telecommunication was coined in 1904 by the French engineer and novelist Edouard Estaunie.
It is defined as the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. In earlier times this may have involved the use of smoke signals, drums, semaphore, flags fire or heliograph and other optical communications.
In modern times it typically involves the use of electronic devices such as telephones, televisions, radio or computers with the help of electromagnetic waves by transmitters and receivers. Early inventors in the field of telecommunication include Alexander Graham Bell, Guglielmo Marconi and John L.Baird.
BASIC ELEMENTS
A basic telecommunication system consists of three elements:
· A transmitter that takes information and converts into a signal
· A transmission medium that carries the signal
· A receiver that receives the signal and converts back into usable information.
For example, in a radio broadcast the broadcast tower is the transmitter, free space is the transmission medium and the radio is the receiver. Often telecommunication systems are two-way with a single device acting as both transmitter and receiver or Transceiver. For example, Mobile phone is a transceiver.
Telecommunication over a telephone line is called point-to-point communication because it is between one transmitter and one receiver but communication through radio broadcast is called broadcast communication as it is between one powerful transmitter and numerous receivers.
1.2 PRINCIPLES OF TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
The original information energy (human voice, or music, or a telegraph signal) is converted into electrical form to produce an electronic information signal. This is achieved by a suitable transducer, device that converts energy from one form to another whenever required.
When a radio frequency current flows into a transmitting antenna (aerial), power is radiated in a number of directions which is called an Electromagnetic wave.
The radiated energy will reach the receiving station by one or more of the five different propagation modes:
· Surface wave propagation
· Sky wave propagation
· Space wave propagation
· Satellite propagation and
· Scatter wave propagation
MODULATION OF SIGNALS:
Modulation is the process of translating the audio frequencies to higher level frequencies that is suitable for transmission.
In general, it is the process by which some characteristic (amplitude, frequency, and phase) of a carrier is varied in accordance with the modulating wave signal (input).
INPUT OUTPUT
(Modulating / baseband /audio / → MODULATION → (modulated signal)
Low frequency signal) ↓
Carrier (RF-high frequency signal)
NEED FOR MODULATION:
· It simplifies power amplifier design
· Frequency band shifting is made possible
· For efficient radiation and reception antenna height should be comparable to λ/4 of the frequency used.
· Low frequency message is shifted to radio frequency range and can be communicated to a long distance.
TYPES OF MODULATION:
1. Continuous wave modulation-Amplitude modulation (AM)
-Angle modulation-frequency modulation (FM)
-phase modulation (PM)
2. Pulse modulation -analog modulation
-digital modulation
1.3 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDS
Standardization is vital in telecommunication as it allows world wide communication. There are international, regional and national standardization agencies.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS:
The most encompassing international standard is the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) based in Geneva, Switzerland and has literally over 2000 standards. It has two sectors namely ITU-T (telecommunication sector) produced by CCITT (International Consultative Committee for Telephone & Telegraph) and the other sector is the ITU-R (radio communication sector) produced by CCIR (International Consultative Committee for Radio).
REGIONAL STANDARDS:
Regional standard bodies exist such as CEN (European Committee for Standardization), CEN ELEC (European Committee for Electro Technical Standardization), ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute), IRMM (Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements) in Europe. ETSI is one of the important regional standards which produced the European version digital network PCM.
NATIONAL STANDARDS:
American national standards institute based in New York produces a wide range of standards. EIA (Electronics Industries Association) and TIA (Telecommunication Industries Association) are the standards that are responsible for the preparation and dissemination of telecommunication standards.
The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) standard produces 802 series specification used for enterprise networks.
The ATSC (Advanced television System Committee) standard used for video compression is used to produce CATV (Cable Television standards) standard.
1.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS: The word Telecommunication is a combination of two words TELE+COMMUNICATION. The word Tele in Latin means Distance. Hence Telecommunication is also known as Distance Communication. The French word telecommunication was coined in 1904 by the French engineer and novelist Edouard Estaunie.
It is defined as the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. In earlier times this may have involved the use of smoke signals, drums, semaphore, flags fire or heliograph and other optical communications.
In modern times it typically involves the use of electronic devices such as telephones, televisions, radio or computers with the help of electromagnetic waves by transmitters and receivers. Early inventors in the field of telecommunication include Alexander Graham Bell, Guglielmo Marconi and John L.Baird.
BASIC ELEMENTS
A basic telecommunication system consists of three elements:
· A transmitter that takes information and converts into a signal
· A transmission medium that carries the signal
· A receiver that receives the signal and converts back into usable information.
For example, in a radio broadcast the broadcast tower is the transmitter, free space is the transmission medium and the radio is the receiver. Often telecommunication systems are two-way with a single device acting as both transmitter and receiver or Transceiver. For example, Mobile phone is a transceiver.
Telecommunication over a telephone line is called point-to-point communication because it is between one transmitter and one receiver but communication through radio broadcast is called broadcast communication as it is between one powerful transmitter and numerous receivers.
1.2 PRINCIPLES OF TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES
The original information energy (human voice, or music, or a telegraph signal) is converted into electrical form to produce an electronic information signal. This is achieved by a suitable transducer, device that converts energy from one form to another whenever required.
When a radio frequency current flows into a transmitting antenna (aerial), power is radiated in a number of directions which is called an Electromagnetic wave.
The radiated energy will reach the receiving station by one or more of the five different propagation modes:
· Surface wave propagation
· Sky wave propagation
· Space wave propagation
· Satellite propagation and
· Scatter wave propagation
MODULATION OF SIGNALS:
Modulation is the process of translating the audio frequencies to higher level frequencies that is suitable for transmission.
In general, it is the process by which some characteristic (amplitude, frequency, and phase) of a carrier is varied in accordance with the modulating wave signal (input).
INPUT OUTPUT
(Modulating / baseband /audio / → MODULATION → (modulated signal)
Low frequency signal) ↓
Carrier (RF-high frequency signal)
NEED FOR MODULATION:
· It simplifies power amplifier design
· Frequency band shifting is made possible
· For efficient radiation and reception antenna height should be comparable to λ/4 of the frequency used.
· Low frequency message is shifted to radio frequency range and can be communicated to a long distance.
TYPES OF MODULATION:
1. Continuous wave modulation-Amplitude modulation (AM)
-Angle modulation-frequency modulation (FM)
-phase modulation (PM)
2. Pulse modulation -analog modulation
-digital modulation
1.3 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDS
Standardization is vital in telecommunication as it allows world wide communication. There are international, regional and national standardization agencies.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS:
The most encompassing international standard is the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) based in Geneva, Switzerland and has literally over 2000 standards. It has two sectors namely ITU-T (telecommunication sector) produced by CCITT (International Consultative Committee for Telephone & Telegraph) and the other sector is the ITU-R (radio communication sector) produced by CCIR (International Consultative Committee for Radio).
REGIONAL STANDARDS:
Regional standard bodies exist such as CEN (European Committee for Standardization), CEN ELEC (European Committee for Electro Technical Standardization), ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute), IRMM (Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements) in Europe. ETSI is one of the important regional standards which produced the European version digital network PCM.
NATIONAL STANDARDS:
American national standards institute based in New York produces a wide range of standards. EIA (Electronics Industries Association) and TIA (Telecommunication Industries Association) are the standards that are responsible for the preparation and dissemination of telecommunication standards.
The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) standard produces 802 series specification used for enterprise networks.
The ATSC (Advanced television System Committee) standard used for video compression is used to produce CATV (Cable Television standards) standard.
ARE YOU A GOOD LISTENER
Are you a good listener?
“A listener, who truly hears, is a gem. They will not only hear what you are saying, they will understand what you mean. There is nothing more frustrating than expending your energy on a long saga, only to find your audience distracted.”
Communication begins with good listening skills. An active listener is fully present in the situation, attending to the speaker’s body language and each word said. A passive listener on the other hand is wandering and preoccupied with self thoughts. The passive listener may be waiting to jump in at the earliest opportunity to say something about themselves or their point of view and in doing so, might completely miss what the other party has said.
Many people may believe that they are already good listeners. Take the test by answering the following questions:
While listening, are you thinking about the next question to ask?
While listening, are you thinking how to top what has just been said?
While listening, are you getting angry or judging what has been said?
While listening, are you switching off and thinking about something completely different?
Answering "yes" to the above questions indicates poor listening skills. Good listening creates good empathy, which is the first step to making good relationships.
How to Be a Good Listener:
Give attention- Make eye contact with the speaker. Listen keenly and let the speaker know that you are actually listening to him. You can speak phrases like ok, true, yes to show your interest. Ask questions; this shows that you are interested. Smiling helps too! Avoid crossing your arms since this can be interpreted as being closed off. If you're speaking with someone who's sitting, you should sit too. Standing over someone is too authoritative and may make the other person feel uncomfortable.
But why do all this - It gives the speaker a boost and further encourages explaining you better.
Do not interrupt- Take the time to listen – just relax and open your ears! A good speaker will give you an opportunity to speak once you have listened to him.
Empathize- When someone shares information with you, put yourself in his shoes. Doing this will allow the two of you to discover solutions more easily and will also help you appreciate a perspective different from your own.
Don’t change the subject- Changing the subject means that your attention is elsewhere or you are not interested in the conversation. This gives the impression that you give little importance to what the speaker has to say.
“A listener, who truly hears, is a gem. They will not only hear what you are saying, they will understand what you mean. There is nothing more frustrating than expending your energy on a long saga, only to find your audience distracted.”
Communication begins with good listening skills. An active listener is fully present in the situation, attending to the speaker’s body language and each word said. A passive listener on the other hand is wandering and preoccupied with self thoughts. The passive listener may be waiting to jump in at the earliest opportunity to say something about themselves or their point of view and in doing so, might completely miss what the other party has said.
Many people may believe that they are already good listeners. Take the test by answering the following questions:
While listening, are you thinking about the next question to ask?
While listening, are you thinking how to top what has just been said?
While listening, are you getting angry or judging what has been said?
While listening, are you switching off and thinking about something completely different?
Answering "yes" to the above questions indicates poor listening skills. Good listening creates good empathy, which is the first step to making good relationships.
How to Be a Good Listener:
Give attention- Make eye contact with the speaker. Listen keenly and let the speaker know that you are actually listening to him. You can speak phrases like ok, true, yes to show your interest. Ask questions; this shows that you are interested. Smiling helps too! Avoid crossing your arms since this can be interpreted as being closed off. If you're speaking with someone who's sitting, you should sit too. Standing over someone is too authoritative and may make the other person feel uncomfortable.
But why do all this - It gives the speaker a boost and further encourages explaining you better.
Do not interrupt- Take the time to listen – just relax and open your ears! A good speaker will give you an opportunity to speak once you have listened to him.
Empathize- When someone shares information with you, put yourself in his shoes. Doing this will allow the two of you to discover solutions more easily and will also help you appreciate a perspective different from your own.
Don’t change the subject- Changing the subject means that your attention is elsewhere or you are not interested in the conversation. This gives the impression that you give little importance to what the speaker has to say.
Tuesday, February 16, 2010
E-SERVER
Email Server:
An email server is a computer that acts as an electronic post-office, to send and receive electronic mails. An email server usually stores the following items:
· Emails for local users
· Rules about how to handle emails
· Database of user accounts
Types of Email Servers:
The following are some of the types of email servers:
· Post Office Protocol 3 (POP 3): These servers retain the emails until you check them, and delete them after you check. This is the most common type for personal email accounts.
· Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP): These servers let you preview, delete, and organize emails without you having to download them to your computer. These servers store a copy of the email until you delete it. This is commonly used for business accounts.
· Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): These servers send your emails to the Internet. Since these servers handle out-going emails, they work with POP3 or IMAP to receive emails.
How an Email Server Works:
The following steps detail how an email server works:
1. When you click Send, the SMTP server (which handles out-going emails) looks for the domain name in the recipient’s address. Details of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses are stored in the DNS Server.
2. The SMTP server connects to the DNS Server and fetches the recipient’s IP address.
3. The SMTP server breaks up the email into smaller packets and sends the packets to the recipient’s domain over the Internet.
4. The packets pass through several servers before connecting to the recipient’s domain name (IP address). Once in the recipient’s domain name, checks if the recipient’s address belongs to the specified domain name, and then sends the email to the recipient’s domain name.
5. The POP3 server on the recipient’s domain name delivers the email to the specified recipient and retains it until he/she checks it.
If you are sending the email within the same domain, then the SMTP server sends the email to the local POP3 or IMAP server.
MS Exchange, IBM Lotus Domino, Novell Netmail, and Zimbra are some of the popular email servers.
Relation Between a Domain Name, an Email Address, and an Email Server
The domain name identifies one or more IP addresses. Suppose my email address is writer@work.com, and suppose hyd.com is the company that hosts work.com. If mailserv1 is the email server designated to store all the emails for work.com, then when I get an email, it is stored in mailserv1.hyd.com. mailserv1.com then delivers the email to my mail box, which is writer@work.com.
Email Client
An email client downloads your emails from an email server (usually a remote system) and stores on your system. Some popular email clients are MS Outlook, Outlook Express, Thunderbird, and Eudora.
An email server is a computer that acts as an electronic post-office, to send and receive electronic mails. An email server usually stores the following items:
· Emails for local users
· Rules about how to handle emails
· Database of user accounts
Types of Email Servers:
The following are some of the types of email servers:
· Post Office Protocol 3 (POP 3): These servers retain the emails until you check them, and delete them after you check. This is the most common type for personal email accounts.
· Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP): These servers let you preview, delete, and organize emails without you having to download them to your computer. These servers store a copy of the email until you delete it. This is commonly used for business accounts.
· Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): These servers send your emails to the Internet. Since these servers handle out-going emails, they work with POP3 or IMAP to receive emails.
How an Email Server Works:
The following steps detail how an email server works:
1. When you click Send, the SMTP server (which handles out-going emails) looks for the domain name in the recipient’s address. Details of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses are stored in the DNS Server.
2. The SMTP server connects to the DNS Server and fetches the recipient’s IP address.
3. The SMTP server breaks up the email into smaller packets and sends the packets to the recipient’s domain over the Internet.
4. The packets pass through several servers before connecting to the recipient’s domain name (IP address). Once in the recipient’s domain name, checks if the recipient’s address belongs to the specified domain name, and then sends the email to the recipient’s domain name.
5. The POP3 server on the recipient’s domain name delivers the email to the specified recipient and retains it until he/she checks it.
If you are sending the email within the same domain, then the SMTP server sends the email to the local POP3 or IMAP server.
MS Exchange, IBM Lotus Domino, Novell Netmail, and Zimbra are some of the popular email servers.
Relation Between a Domain Name, an Email Address, and an Email Server
The domain name identifies one or more IP addresses. Suppose my email address is writer@work.com, and suppose hyd.com is the company that hosts work.com. If mailserv1 is the email server designated to store all the emails for work.com, then when I get an email, it is stored in mailserv1.hyd.com. mailserv1.com then delivers the email to my mail box, which is writer@work.com.
Email Client
An email client downloads your emails from an email server (usually a remote system) and stores on your system. Some popular email clients are MS Outlook, Outlook Express, Thunderbird, and Eudora.
INTERNET MARKETING
HOW TO USE INTERNET MARKETING:
Internet Marketing, also referred to as i-marketing, web-marketing, online-marketing, or e-marketing is the marketing of services and products over the internet.
The internet has brought media to a global audience. Internet marketing is considered to have a broader scope because it not only refers to the internet, e-mail, and wireless media, but it includes management of digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) systems.
Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the internet, including: design, development, advertising and sales.
It also refers to the placement of media along different stages of the customer engagement cycle through search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimization (SEO), banner ads on specific sites, e-mail marketing and Web 2.0 strategies.
Internet marketing is one of the best ways to stay in touch with the customers. It can also be effective as a direct-marketing device. Email subscribers know in advance how often
Customers send messages and what type of content they expect. Messages should be made as targeted as possible; relevancy keeps people listening.
The internet marketing website should be integrated with the company’s other marketing activities and also connected with the company’s off-line efforts.
Even without sophisticated personalization technology, the web allows the user to easily target the message, making them more relevant to users. It helps to find out the user in the most intrusive way and then talk to them more personally.
Internet advertising has been pushed as a direct-response device, but the B2B (business to business) process is far more complex and longer than with B2C (business to customer. B2B marketers should consider using Internet advertising to reach targets that regularly use the Internet at the places they often go with ads that feature things like white papers, research, Web seminars and other information that is likely to be of strong interest to prospects.
Internet Marketing, also referred to as i-marketing, web-marketing, online-marketing, or e-marketing is the marketing of services and products over the internet.
The internet has brought media to a global audience. Internet marketing is considered to have a broader scope because it not only refers to the internet, e-mail, and wireless media, but it includes management of digital customer data and electronic customer relationship management (ECRM) systems.
Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the internet, including: design, development, advertising and sales.
It also refers to the placement of media along different stages of the customer engagement cycle through search engine marketing (SEM), search engine optimization (SEO), banner ads on specific sites, e-mail marketing and Web 2.0 strategies.
Internet marketing is one of the best ways to stay in touch with the customers. It can also be effective as a direct-marketing device. Email subscribers know in advance how often
Customers send messages and what type of content they expect. Messages should be made as targeted as possible; relevancy keeps people listening.
The internet marketing website should be integrated with the company’s other marketing activities and also connected with the company’s off-line efforts.
Even without sophisticated personalization technology, the web allows the user to easily target the message, making them more relevant to users. It helps to find out the user in the most intrusive way and then talk to them more personally.
Internet advertising has been pushed as a direct-response device, but the B2B (business to business) process is far more complex and longer than with B2C (business to customer. B2B marketers should consider using Internet advertising to reach targets that regularly use the Internet at the places they often go with ads that feature things like white papers, research, Web seminars and other information that is likely to be of strong interest to prospects.
Any good Web site statistics software package should give the following information:
How many people are coming to the site?
What pages they're viewing?
What search engines they're coming from and more?
The site must be redesigned to make it more effective for the users and for reaching their desired objectives (e.g., get leads, sales, etc.).The on-line and off-line information should be integrated to provide a more complete picture of customers and prospects.
Internet marketing isn’t just for consumer marketers or large B2B firms – it’s a powerful vehicle for companies of all sizes. Internet marketing offers B2B marketers an opportunity to reach very broad or targeted prospects to generate leads, communicate a message and raise visibility.
While a B2B marketer has a smaller universe of prospects than a consumer marketer, the value of each prospect is typically far greater. With a targeted campaign and a good offer, it’s possible to generate a handful of highly qualified prospects to generate substantial revenue. Campaigns are used to generate new leads, sell products, or increase visibility.
How many people are coming to the site?
What pages they're viewing?
What search engines they're coming from and more?
The site must be redesigned to make it more effective for the users and for reaching their desired objectives (e.g., get leads, sales, etc.).The on-line and off-line information should be integrated to provide a more complete picture of customers and prospects.
Internet marketing isn’t just for consumer marketers or large B2B firms – it’s a powerful vehicle for companies of all sizes. Internet marketing offers B2B marketers an opportunity to reach very broad or targeted prospects to generate leads, communicate a message and raise visibility.
While a B2B marketer has a smaller universe of prospects than a consumer marketer, the value of each prospect is typically far greater. With a targeted campaign and a good offer, it’s possible to generate a handful of highly qualified prospects to generate substantial revenue. Campaigns are used to generate new leads, sell products, or increase visibility.
Benefits of internet marketing:
Timing: Reach businesspeople when they’re actively looking for information, vendors and solutions.
Immediacy: Testing and launching must be done very quickly and generate response immediately.
Targeting: Deliver the message to very specific audiences.
Lead generation and nurturing: Capture prospects early, provide valuable information, and nurture them throughout the sales process.
Cost: Reach a large audience quickly and at a lower cost than many other media.
Scalability: Run campaigns of any size at any budget level.
As with any marketing program, it’s important to develop a good strategy, target the audience, test, measure and improve – especially because it’s easy and inexpensive to test different aspects of the user’s campaigns to generate the best possible results
Timing: Reach businesspeople when they’re actively looking for information, vendors and solutions.
Immediacy: Testing and launching must be done very quickly and generate response immediately.
Targeting: Deliver the message to very specific audiences.
Lead generation and nurturing: Capture prospects early, provide valuable information, and nurture them throughout the sales process.
Cost: Reach a large audience quickly and at a lower cost than many other media.
Scalability: Run campaigns of any size at any budget level.
As with any marketing program, it’s important to develop a good strategy, target the audience, test, measure and improve – especially because it’s easy and inexpensive to test different aspects of the user’s campaigns to generate the best possible results
Internet marketing is relatively inexpensive when compared to the ratio of cost against the reach of the target audience. Companies can reach a wide audience for a small fraction of traditional advertising budgets. Businesses have the advantage of appealing to consumers in a medium that can bring results quickly. Internet marketers also have the advantage of measuring statistics easily and inexpensively. Nearly all aspects of an Internet marketing campaign can be traced, measured, and tested. The advertisers can use a variety of methods:
· pay per impression,
· pay per click,
· pay per play, or
· pay per action
Advantages of Internet Marketing
· The store is kept open, 24 hrs a day, and 7 days a week. Further, customers are worldwide in reach, and can shop anytime that they want to.
· The cost of spreading the message is next to nothing. Emailing any subscription base is more often cheaper than sending a letter through the mail.
· Updating the subscribers can be done almost instantly through email. Visitors to the website can get up to the minute information on each visit. If there is a sale, the customers can start shopping at the discounted prices literally as soon as they open their email.
· For an information sensitive business, such as a law firm, newspaper or online magazine, the products can be delivered directly to the customers without having to use a courier.
Disadvantages of Internet Marketing:
- Online marketing is not free. The cost of software, hardware, wed site design, maintenance of the site, online distribution costs and of course, time, all must be factored into the cost of providing your service or product.
- Slightly over 50% of households shop online. While that number continues to grow, it would reach less than two out of three households.
- The internet is still regarded as a source of information gathering for the majority of the customers.
-easier to have outdated information on the site, thus timing of updates is critical
- There is a lot of competition for the product. By the time the visitor finds, they have already been clicking many links.
There are many other pros and cons of internet marketing. It’s important for to consider each when creating the internet marketing strategy. Each of the disadvantages can be overcome, but only if the customer’s experience is viewed from the eyes of the customer, not as an internet marketer.
To be successful at Internet marketing, it is a must to understand the essential secrets of Internet marketing. These secrets are needed to achieve success by finding the right audience, communicating the message properly, and leading consumers down the path to purchase. Internet marketing is an incredibly powerful medium for segmenting your prospects and delivering targeted advertising.
These secrets include:
1. Website Directory Listings
2. Generating Traffic
3. Testimonials
4. Create a Compelling Offer
5. Providing guarantee.
GSI
Geographic information systems (GIS) (also known as Geospatial information systems) are computer software and hardware systems that enable users to capture, store, analyse and manage spatialially referenced data
GISs have transformed the way spatial (geographic) data, relationships and patterns in the world are able to be interactively queried, processed, analysed, mapped, modelled, visualised, and displayed for an increasingly large range of users, for a multitude of purpose.
GISs have transformed the way spatial (geographic) data, relationships and patterns in the world are able to be interactively queried, processed, analysed, mapped, modelled, visualised, and displayed for an increasingly large range of users, for a multitude of purpose.
Introduction:
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer based information system used to digitally represent and analyse the geographic features present on the Earth' surface and the events (non-spatial attributes linked to the geography under study) that taking place on it. The meaning to represent digitally is to convert analog (smooth line) into a digital form. "Every object present on the Earth can be geo-referenced", is the fundamental key of associating any database to GIS. Here, term 'database' is a collection of information about things and their relationship to each other, and 'geo-referencing' refers to the location of a layer or coverage in space defined by the co-ordinate referencing system. Work on GIS began in late 1950s, but first GIS software came only in late 1970s from the lab of the ESRI. Canada was the pioneer in the development of GIS as a result of innovations dating back to early 1960s. Much of the credit for the early development of GIS goes to Roger Tomilson. Evolution of GIS has transformed and revolutionized the ways in which planners, engineers, managers etc. conduct the database management and analysis.
A typical GIS can be understood by the help of various definitions given below:-
A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing things that exist and events that happen on Earth
Burrough in 1986 defined GIS as, "Set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes"
Arnoff in 1989 defines GIS as, "a computer based system that provides four sets of capabilities to handle geo-referenced data :
· data input
· data management (data storage and retrieval)
· manipulation and analysis
· data output. "
Hence GIS is looked upon as a tool to assist in decision-making and management of attributes that needs to be analysed spatially.
Need of GIS:
Many professionals, such as foresters, urban planners, and geologists, have recognized the importance of spatial dimensions in organising & analysing information. Whether a discipline is concerned with the very practical aspects of business, or is concerned with purely academic research, geographic information system can introduce a perspective, which can provide valuable insights as
70% of the information has geographic location as it's denominator making spatial analysis an essential tool.
Ability to assimilate divergent sources of data both spatial and non-spatial (attribute data).
Visualization Impact
Analytical Capability
Sharing of Information
Factors Aiding the rise of GIS:
Revolution in Information Technology.
· Computer Technology.
· Remote Sensing.
· Global Positioning System.
Communication Technology.
Rapidly declining cost of Computer Hardware, and at the same time, exponential growth of operational speed of computers.
Enhanced functionality of software and their user-friendliness.
Visualizing impact of GIS corroborating the Chinese proverb "a picture is worth a thousand words."
Geographical feature and data describing it are part of our everyday lives & most of our everyday decisions are influenced by some facet of Geography.
Major areas of application:
Different streams of planningUrban planning, housing, transportation planning architectural conservation, urban design, landscape.
Street Network Based ApplicationIt is an addressed matched application, vehicle routing and scheduling: location and site selection and disaster planning.
Natural Resource Based ApplicationManagement and environmental impact analysis of wild and scenic recreational resources, flood plain, wetlands, acquifers, forests, and wildlife.
View Shed AnalysisHazardous or toxic factories siting and ground water modelling. Wild life habitat study and migrational route planning.
Land Parcel BasedZoning, sub-division plans review, land acquisition, environment impact analysis, nature quality management and maintenance etc.
Facilities ManagementCan locate underground pipes and cables for maintenance, planning, tracking energy use.
70% of the information has geographic location as it's denominator making spatial analysis an essential tool.
Ability to assimilate divergent sources of data both spatial and non-spatial (attribute data).
Visualization Impact
Analytical Capability
Sharing of Information
Factors Aiding the rise of GIS:
Revolution in Information Technology.
· Computer Technology.
· Remote Sensing.
· Global Positioning System.
Communication Technology.
Rapidly declining cost of Computer Hardware, and at the same time, exponential growth of operational speed of computers.
Enhanced functionality of software and their user-friendliness.
Visualizing impact of GIS corroborating the Chinese proverb "a picture is worth a thousand words."
Geographical feature and data describing it are part of our everyday lives & most of our everyday decisions are influenced by some facet of Geography.
Major areas of application:
Different streams of planningUrban planning, housing, transportation planning architectural conservation, urban design, landscape.
Street Network Based ApplicationIt is an addressed matched application, vehicle routing and scheduling: location and site selection and disaster planning.
Natural Resource Based ApplicationManagement and environmental impact analysis of wild and scenic recreational resources, flood plain, wetlands, acquifers, forests, and wildlife.
View Shed AnalysisHazardous or toxic factories siting and ground water modelling. Wild life habitat study and migrational route planning.
Land Parcel BasedZoning, sub-division plans review, land acquisition, environment impact analysis, nature quality management and maintenance etc.
Facilities ManagementCan locate underground pipes and cables for maintenance, planning, tracking energy use.
Thursday, February 4, 2010
GOOD BYE 2009
2009 is coming to an end, Here are the important events and memorable moments of 2009. Its worth remembering these . Most of them are directly or indirectly related to India.
Barack Obama elected as 44th American President , he is the first African-American to be elected as American president. His election campaigns and Victory speech was much discussed all over the world. Politically it was a turning point for India.
A.R Rahman and Resul Pookuty won oscar award. First ever Oscar awards won by any Indian.
Read more news about slumdog-millionaire here
Micheal Jackson’s demise was one of the greatest event of 2009, Music lovers from all over the world expressed their gratitude. you can read more about him at wikipedia
YSR Reddy died in 2009 on a helicoper crash in Andrapradesh, He was the chief minister of Andra Pradesh (India) at that time. On Wednesday ,2 September,2009 helicopter lost contact with air traffic contollers, Wreckage of helicopter was finally spotted by IAF Dhruv helicopter after more than 24 hours. His death was regarded by Yahoo as the biggest farewell in India for the year 2009.
Chandrayan was India’s unmanned lunar probe which was a 386 crore project. Lunar satelite had a mass of 1,380 Kilograms at the launch time.Chandrayan operated for 312 days as opposed to the intended two years but project was a grand sucess.
Read more about Chandrayaan
Suggested Reading:
Mobile numbers in India remains 10 digit – starts with 7 or 8 Mobile numbers in India remains 10...
oscar award slumdog millionaire The Oscar award Oscar award...
End of an era – Jacko, Micheal Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) End of an era - Jacko....
Solar eclipse in india , July 22, 2009 , Place , Map , Location , do and don’t and eye care safety A solar eclipse occurs when the...
Display Google Calendar Events on Windows Desktop Sidebar with DGSCal Display Google Calendar Events on Windows...
Google Phone Nexus One India price and specifications: Google Phone Nexus One India price...
Hot Gadgets and products of 2009 Hot Gadgets and products of 2009...
Total Solar eclipse in India on January 15, 2010 between 12:18 and 3:32pm Total Solar eclipse in India on...
Barack Obama elected as 44th American President , he is the first African-American to be elected as American president. His election campaigns and Victory speech was much discussed all over the world. Politically it was a turning point for India.
A.R Rahman and Resul Pookuty won oscar award. First ever Oscar awards won by any Indian.
Read more news about slumdog-millionaire here
Micheal Jackson’s demise was one of the greatest event of 2009, Music lovers from all over the world expressed their gratitude. you can read more about him at wikipedia
YSR Reddy died in 2009 on a helicoper crash in Andrapradesh, He was the chief minister of Andra Pradesh (India) at that time. On Wednesday ,2 September,2009 helicopter lost contact with air traffic contollers, Wreckage of helicopter was finally spotted by IAF Dhruv helicopter after more than 24 hours. His death was regarded by Yahoo as the biggest farewell in India for the year 2009.
Chandrayan was India’s unmanned lunar probe which was a 386 crore project. Lunar satelite had a mass of 1,380 Kilograms at the launch time.Chandrayan operated for 312 days as opposed to the intended two years but project was a grand sucess.
Read more about Chandrayaan
Suggested Reading:
Mobile numbers in India remains 10 digit – starts with 7 or 8 Mobile numbers in India remains 10...
oscar award slumdog millionaire The Oscar award Oscar award...
End of an era – Jacko, Micheal Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) End of an era - Jacko....
Solar eclipse in india , July 22, 2009 , Place , Map , Location , do and don’t and eye care safety A solar eclipse occurs when the...
Display Google Calendar Events on Windows Desktop Sidebar with DGSCal Display Google Calendar Events on Windows...
Google Phone Nexus One India price and specifications: Google Phone Nexus One India price...
Hot Gadgets and products of 2009 Hot Gadgets and products of 2009...
Total Solar eclipse in India on January 15, 2010 between 12:18 and 3:32pm Total Solar eclipse in India on...
IMPORTANCE OF WATER
The Importance of WATER
Water is the common name applied to the liquid form (state) of the hydrogen and oxygen compound H2O. Pure water is an odorless, tasteless, clear liquid. Water is one of nature's most important gifts to mankind. Essential to life, a person's survival depends on drinking water. Water is one of the most essential elements to good health -- it is necessary for the digestion and absorbtion of food; helps maintain proper muscle tone; supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cells; rids the body of wastes; and serves as a natural air conditioning system. Health officials emphasize the importance of drinking at least eight glasses of clean water each and every day to maintain good health.
Since water contains no calories and can serve as an appetite suppressant and helps the body metabolize stored fat, it may possibly be one of the most significant factors in losing weight. In his book, titled "The Snowbird Diet" Dr. Donald Robertson says the body will not function properly without enough water and discusses the importance of drinking plenty of water for permanent weight loss: "Drinking enough water is the best treatment for fluid retention; the overweight person needs more water than the thin one; water helps to maintain proper muscle tone; water can help relieve constipation; drinking water is essential to weight loss."
Water is a key component in determining the quality of our lives. Today, people are concerned about the quality of the water they drink. Although water covers more than 70% of the Earth, only 1% of the Earth's water is available as a source of drinking. Yet, our society continues to contaminate this precious resource. Water is known as a natural solvent. Before it reaches the consumer's tap, it comes into contact with many different substances, including organic and inorganic matter, chemicals, and o ther contaminants. Many public water systems treat water with chlorine to destroy disease-producing contaminants that may be present in the water. Although disinfection is an important step in the treatment of potable water, the taste and odor of chlorine is objectionable. And, the disinfectants that are used to prevent disease, can create byproducts which may pose significant health risks. Today, drinking water treatment at the point-of-use is no longer a luxury, it is a necessity! Consumers are taking matters into their own hands and are now determining the quality of the water they and their families will drink by installing a drinking water system that will give them clean, refreshing, and healthier water.
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